Hemoglobinopathy refers to a group of genetic disorders that affect the structure or production of hemoglobin, the molecule responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells. These disorders include conditions such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia. Hemoglobinopathies can result in abnormal hemoglobin function, leading to a range of symptoms including anemia, organ damage, and pain crises. Management of hemoglobinopathies often involves supportive care, blood transfusions, and specialized therapies like bone marrow transplantation.